Geography IA Ideas Examiner-ranked fieldwork questions · 2026
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24 IB Geography IA ideas that score highly

Experienced IB examiners's pick of Geography Internal Assessment fieldwork questions for 2026 — sorted by area, each with the data collected, the method and why it scores. Choose one, then plan it in our examiner-written Geography fieldwork-report frame.

What makes a Geography fieldwork question score? A focused, locatable fieldwork question grounded in a geographic concept or model (bid-rent, Bradshaw, sphere of influence); primary data the student collects in the field, not secondary sources; a sound sampling method (systematic, random or stratified) that suits the question; and enough data to map, graph and analyse against the theory. Every idea below is built to tick all four — phrase yours as "How does … vary with …?".

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Drop it straight into the free Geography fieldwork-report frame. The planning sections are free; unlock the full step-by-step report — methodology, data presentation, the written analysis and evaluation — to take it to the top band.

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URBAN ENVIRONMENTS — CBD, REGENERATION & LAND USE

Urban transects give a clear distance-decay pattern to test against a land-use model — reliable, mappable and rich in data.

1 · How does pedestrian footfall vary with distance from the CBD of [town], and does it fit the bid-rent model?

Fieldwork question focus: footfall vs distance from CBD · Data collected: pedestrian counts at survey points · Method: systematic transect, timed counts

Links to the bid-rent / urban land-use model: footfall is expected to peak in the CBD and fall outward, giving a clear pattern to interpret and anomalies (out-of-town retail) to explain.

🗺️ fieldworktransectmodel link

2 · How does land use change along a transect from the CBD to the urban edge of [town]?

Fieldwork question focus: land-use zones vs distance · Data collected: land-use survey at sample points · Method: systematic transect, land-use mapping

A direct test of the concentric / bid-rent land-use model; mapping the zones lets you show the spatial pattern and discuss where the model breaks down.

🗺️ fieldworkland-use mapmodel link

3 · How successful has regeneration been in [district], measured by environmental quality and pedestrian counts?

Fieldwork question focus: regenerated vs un-regenerated zones · Data collected: EQ survey + footfall · Method: stratified sampling, bipolar survey

A regeneration angle with a real-world hook; comparing distinct zones gives a fair, quantitative contrast you can map and link to urban-change theory.

🗺️ fieldworkstratified samplingregeneration

4 · How does land value (rateable value or rents) change with distance from the peak land value intersection?

Fieldwork question focus: land value vs distance from PLVI · Data collected: rents/shop type at survey points · Method: systematic transect, secondary data check

Tests bid-rent theory head-on; pairing your primary survey with secondary rateable values gives a stronger, triangulated dataset.

🗺️ fieldworksecondary datamodel link

5 · How does the height and density of buildings change across [town] from centre to edge?

Fieldwork question focus: building height/density vs distance · Data collected: storey counts, building survey · Method: systematic transect, located mapping

A clear, countable proxy for land value that maps neatly onto the urban land-use model — visually engaging and easy to graph against distance.

🗺️ fieldworktransectmodel link

RIVERS & COASTS

River and coastal transects produce quantitative measurements that test classic physical-geography models — examiner gold for data treatment.

6 · How do channel width, depth and velocity change downstream along [river], and do they fit the Bradshaw model?

Fieldwork question focus: channel variables vs distance downstream · Data collected: width, depth, velocity at sites · Method: systematic sampling along the long profile

A direct test of the Bradshaw model: discharge and velocity are expected to rise downstream, giving multiple variables to graph and a strong basis for analysis.

🗺️ fieldworktransectmodel link

7 · How does bedload size and roundness change downstream along [river]?

Fieldwork question focus: sediment size/shape vs distance · Data collected: clast measurements, Power's roundness · Method: random sampling at sites

Tests attrition and abrasion theory; expected downstream decrease in size gives a clear trend, with anomalies (tributary inputs) to explain in the analysis.

🗺️ fieldworkrandom samplingmodel link

8 · How does beach sediment size change along a [beach] transect, and what does it reveal about longshore drift?

Fieldwork question focus: sediment size along the beach · Data collected: pebble measurements · Method: systematic sampling along a transect

Links to longshore drift and sediment sorting; a clear directional trend lets you infer the dominant transport direction from primary data.

🗺️ fieldworktransectmodel link

9 · How does beach profile (gradient and width) vary along [coastline], and how does it relate to defences?

Fieldwork question focus: beach profile vs management · Data collected: profile angles, beach width · Method: systematic survey, clinometer

A coastal-management hook: comparing managed and unmanaged stretches links your profiles to sediment-budget and defence theory.

🗺️ fieldworktransectcoastal management

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TOURISM, DEVELOPMENT & PLACE

Surveys and questionnaires turn perceptions and movement into mappable primary data — strong on geographic concepts and real-world relevance.

10 · How far does the sphere of influence of [town] extend, measured by where its visitors travel from?

Fieldwork question focus: catchment / sphere of influence · Data collected: visitor-origin questionnaire · Method: random sampling survey, postcode mapping

Tests sphere of influence and central-place theory; plotting visitor origins on a map gives a striking, geographic result to analyse.

🗺️ fieldworkquestionnairemodel link

11 · How does tourist density and impact vary across [honeypot site] during the day?

Fieldwork question focus: tourist pressure vs location/time · Data collected: visitor counts, footpath erosion · Method: systematic counts, timed sampling

Links to the honeypot and carrying-capacity concepts; combining counts with erosion measures gives a richer dataset and a clear management angle.

🗺️ fieldworksystematic samplinghoneypot

12 · How does perception of place vary between neighbourhoods in [town]?

Fieldwork question focus: place perception vs area · Data collected: bipolar perception survey, mental maps · Method: stratified sampling questionnaire

A contemporary place / lived-experience angle; quantifying perception with a bipolar scale lets you map and compare distinct neighbourhoods.

🗺️ fieldworkquestionnaireplace concept

13 · How does the cost or availability of services vary between [richer area] and [poorer area]?

Fieldwork question focus: service provision vs deprivation · Data collected: price/availability survey · Method: stratified sampling, secondary IMD data

A development-within-a-city angle linking your primary survey to deprivation indices — a triangulated study with a clear equity story.

🗺️ fieldworksecondary datadevelopment

MICROCLIMATE & ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Microclimate and environmental-quality transects give precise, repeatable readings that test the urban heat island and pollution gradients.

14 · How does temperature and wind speed vary across an urban-to-rural transect (the urban heat island)?

Fieldwork question focus: temperature vs urban density · Data collected: temperature, wind speed readings · Method: systematic transect, fixed-time survey

A direct test of the urban heat island; a clear temperature peak in the dense centre gives a strong pattern, with surface-cover anomalies to explain.

🗺️ fieldworktransectmodel link

15 · How does environmental quality vary with distance from the CBD of [town]?

Fieldwork question focus: environmental quality vs distance · Data collected: EQ bipolar survey scores · Method: systematic transect, environmental-quality index

Tests the link between land use and environmental quality; a scored EQ index turns subjective judgements into mappable, graphable data.

🗺️ fieldworkEQ surveytransect

16 · How does noise or air pollution change with distance from a main road in [area]?

Fieldwork question focus: pollution vs distance from source · Data collected: decibel / particulate readings · Method: systematic transect, fixed-interval sampling

A clean distance-decay gradient from a point source; precise instrument readings give small uncertainties and a clear trend to interpret.

🗺️ fieldworktransectdistance-decay

17 · How does microclimate (temperature and shade) vary across [park] compared with the surrounding streets?

Fieldwork question focus: green-space cooling effect · Data collected: temperature, humidity readings · Method: stratified sampling, paired survey points

Tests the park cool-island effect within the wider heat island; pairing green and built sites gives a fair, explainable contrast.

🗺️ fieldworkstratified samplingmicroclimate

18 · How does footpath erosion vary with distance from a car park or honeypot site?

Fieldwork question focus: trampling impact vs distance · Data collected: path width, bare-ground %, depth · Method: systematic transect, quadrat sampling

Links human pressure to environmental impact and carrying capacity; a clear decay with distance makes a strong, management-focused conclusion.

🗺️ fieldworkquadrat samplingtransect

POPULATION, SETTLEMENT & SERVICES

Settlement and services studies test central-place ideas with countable, comparable data — accessible yet conceptually rich.

19 · How does the range of services in settlements vary with their size and position in the urban hierarchy?

Fieldwork question focus: service provision vs settlement size · Data collected: service counts, types · Method: systematic survey across settlements, secondary population data

Tests central-place theory and the urban hierarchy; comparing settlements gives a clear relationship between size and service range to graph.

🗺️ fieldworksecondary datamodel link

20 · How does housing type and density change across [town] from centre to suburbs?

Fieldwork question focus: housing density vs distance · Data collected: housing-type survey, density counts · Method: systematic transect, located mapping

Maps neatly onto the Burgess / urban land-use model; a clear progression from terraces to detached housing gives an interpretable spatial pattern.

🗺️ fieldworktransectmodel link

21 · How does the comparison-to-convenience shop ratio change with distance from the CBD?

Fieldwork question focus: shop type vs distance · Data collected: shop-function survey · Method: systematic transect, classified counts

A countable test of bid-rent and threshold theory; comparison goods cluster in the high-rent core, giving a clear, explainable gradient.

🗺️ fieldworktransectmodel link

22 · How does the quality of services match local need across neighbourhoods of [town]?

Fieldwork question focus: service adequacy vs population · Data collected: service audit + questionnaire · Method: stratified sampling, secondary census data

Links provision to demand using primary and census data together — a triangulated study with a clear equity and planning angle.

🗺️ fieldworksecondary dataquestionnaire

23 · How far do people travel to use [a specific service], and what does it reveal about its catchment?

Fieldwork question focus: catchment vs service order · Data collected: origin questionnaire · Method: random sampling survey, distance mapping

Tests range and threshold from central-place theory; mapping travel distances shows how a higher-order service draws a wider catchment.

🗺️ fieldworkquestionnairemodel link

24 · How does rural service decline vary between villages of different sizes around [town]?

Fieldwork question focus: service loss vs settlement size · Data collected: service audit, residents' survey · Method: stratified sampling, secondary records

A rural-change angle on the urban hierarchy; comparing villages links primary surveys to counter-urbanisation and accessibility theory.

🗺️ fieldworkstratified samplingmodel link

From a fieldwork question to a top-band IA

A question is the easy part — the marks are in how you build it. The Geography IA is a ~2,500-word fieldwork report scored out of 25 across six unequal criteria: A fieldwork question & context (/3), B method(s) (/3), C quality & treatment of information (/5), D written analysis (/10), E conclusion (/2), F evaluation (/3). Whichever question you pick, the same moves win: a focused question grounded in a geographic model, a justified sampling method, primary data presented in well-located maps and graphs, a written analysis that interprets the data against the theory (not just describes it), a conclusion that answers the question, and an evaluation honest about reliability and limitations.

Build your chosen question into a full fieldwork report

The examiner-written Geography fieldwork-report frame takes you through every criterion with the rubric, worked examples and the traps that cost marks. The planning sections are free — unlock the methodology, written analysis, conclusion & evaluation to finish the whole report and export it to Word or PDF.

Open the Geography IA frame →

Geography IA ideas — FAQ

What makes a good IB Geography fieldwork question?

A question narrow enough to answer with the primary data you can realistically collect, grounded in a recognised geographic model (bid-rent, Bradshaw, sphere of influence, the urban heat island), and tied to a specific, named and located study area. From the theory you draw a hypothesis or expected spatial pattern your data can confirm or challenge. Phrase it as "How does … vary with …?" and check it lets you explain a spatial pattern, not just report a number.

How do I choose a sampling method and collect primary data?

Choose a strategy that suits the question and justify it: systematic sampling along a transect for distance-decay studies, random sampling to avoid bias, or stratified sampling where you compare distinct zones. Collect primary data yourself in the field — counts, river measurements, sediment samples, EQ surveys, questionnaires — at enough survey points to reveal a clear pattern, recording location, time and conditions so the method is replicable and your data can be mapped.

Can I just copy one of these ideas?

Use them as a launchpad, but make the fieldwork your own: name your own study location, choose your own transect and survey points, and develop the sampling method through your own pilot. That ownership — a real, located question and a justified method — is exactly what Criteria A and B reward.

How do I link my fieldwork question to a geographic theory?

Pick the model that predicts the pattern you expect — bid-rent for urban land use, Bradshaw for downstream river changes, sphere of influence for catchments, the urban heat island for microclimate. State the expected pattern as a hypothesis, then in the free Geography fieldwork-report frame interpret your primary data against that theory in the written analysis (Criterion D, the heaviest at /10), explaining the pattern and accounting for anomalies.

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